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      下游叫苦 钱包“失血”——美国钢铝关税翻倍引发行业批评

      作者:admin 來源:未知 點擊數: 发布时间:2025-06-07 18:55:01

      美國白宮日前宣布將進口自除英國外所有貿易對象的鋼鋁産品關稅從目前的25%上調至50%。這一做法招致多國批評和反對,不少經濟學家和美國鋼鐵下遊行業人士更是直言,長期來看,鋼鋁關稅翻倍將令美國自身經濟承受最大損失。小到回形針、釘子、啤酒,大到家用電器、運動器材、汽車和房屋,價格都將不可避免地上漲,最終受損的,還是美國民衆和美國經濟。
      美國哥倫比亞廣播公司財經觀察網站5日援引專家和行業人士的話說,鋼鋁關稅翻倍將推高鋼鐵下遊行業一系列産品的制造成本,涉及民衆生活方方面面,這些成本最終會轉嫁給消費者。
      嚴重依賴鋼鋁産品的汽車制造商將首當其沖。美國經濟與政策研究中心高級經濟學家迪恩·貝克說,考慮到每輛汽車所用鋼材的價值約爲800美元,翻倍的鋼鋁關稅可能使每輛汽車成本上漲約400美元。
      美國吉米信貸公司高級分析師傑伊·庫欣預計價格漲幅更大,因爲鋼鐵材料占一輛普通汽車重量的60%。關稅翻倍後,每輛汽車的生産成本也可能翻倍。
      不少用材涉及鋼鋁的體育用品也在漲價。棒球棒、網球拍和曲棍球棍等體育用品也會提價,民衆或將減少在體育運動方面的消費。追蹤行業數據的美國體育與健身産業協會發現,低收入家庭在體育運動參與方面受到的關稅政策負面影響最大。
      無論是啤酒、可樂、蘇打水和氣泡水,還是餅幹和罐頭食品,鋼鋁關稅翻倍後,這些日常食品和飲料都可能讓美國消費者錢包“失血”。
      代表罐頭制造商和采購商的美國罐頭制造商協會會長羅伯特·巴德韋告訴美聯社記者,制造商近年來越發依賴進口材料,數百萬個美國家庭依賴罐頭食品,他們最有可能爲關稅帶來的物價上漲買單。
      迪恩·貝克還說,許多包裝食品由鋼鋁機器設備生産,這意味著餅幹等商品也可能會漲價。可口可樂首席執行官詹姆斯·昆西今年早些時候表示,由于公司的鋁罐采購自加拿大,如果鋁罐價格上漲,公司將更重視塑料瓶飲料。
      對美國房地産行業而言,鋼鋁建築材料的價格上漲最終將進一步推升房價。美國全國住宅建築商協會在鋼鋁關稅翻倍前估計,關稅政策將使新房的平均成本增加約10900美元。協會主席巴迪·休斯坦言,鋼鋁關稅翻倍將進一步擾亂建築材料供應鏈並加劇商業運營的不確定性,對居民的住房負擔能力産生不利影響。
      美國太平洋研究學會高級研究員韋恩·瓦恩加登表示,美國政府提高鋼鋁關稅讓美國本土制造的汽車更加昂貴,“這是一個拿‘國家安全’當幌子而在經濟上站不住腳的政策”。
      美國杜克大學經濟學教授費利克斯·廷特爾諾特說,美國政府聲稱關稅會給美國鋼鐵産業帶來大量資金,但美國其他行業將因此陷入“苦苦掙紮”的境地。此外,50%的鋼鋁關稅要持續多久?這正在給美國企業造成真正傷害,並最終影響到勞動者。他進一步指出,擴大重工業的産能需要在前期投入大量資金,如果政策不確定性過高,企業主就不會進行大規模前期投資。
      波黑經濟學家加夫蘭·伊戈爾接受新華社記者采訪時表示,美國鋼鋁關稅翻倍標志著其保護主義和經濟脅迫進一步升級,給全球貿易帶來嚴重風險,這一做法嚴重損害國際互信與合作,“長期來看,美國自身經濟將承受最大損失”。
      伊戈爾說,全球貿易不應由任何一個國家操控,而應在公平、互利和對等的基礎上建立多元合作關系。國際社會應加強協調,共同抵制破壞多邊貿易體制的經濟霸淩行徑。 

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      [Pg 188] "After having protested their peaceful sentiments the inhabitants of Andenne made a treacherous attack on our troops. The south-western side of the great rock of Gwalior is hewn into temples sheltering gigantic statues of Tirthankar; there are the usual bas-reliefs all over the walls, idols squatting under canopies and pagodas, slender columns supporting arches, standing out in contrast with the ochre-coloured stone. Other temples, vast halls as at Ellora—a vale of pagodas, "the happy valley"—have all disappeared under the picks of engineers, to make a dusty road to the new town of bungalows all adobe and straw thatch. One of the police in charge had a whip, and when he was leading away the old man, holding his chain he "played horses" with him, to the great amusement of the bystanders, and even of the old fellow himself. “It’s—empty—nobody in it!” he cried. Sandy, long since safe at the hangar, began to work out his puzzle. The Chiricahuas might stay there and fire at intervals as long as they listed, killing a few men perhaps. And then they might retreat quite safely, putting the barrier[Pg 277] between themselves and the pursuers. Obviously there were only two courses wherein lay any wisdom,—to retreat, or to cut off their retreat. Landor said so to the major in command. "It's an awful risk to have an old man and a civilian come down here into camp," Si complained. "And he oughtn't to go about alone. He's always been used to mingling with the quiet, honest, respectable people. Up home the people are as honest as the day is long. They're religious and peaceable, and Pap's never knowed no other kind. He wouldn't harm nobody for the world, and none o' them'd harm him. He's only a child among these toughs down here. I wisht one of us was able to be with him all the time." "No," answered the Captain; "help has been sent for for them, and there it comes." Cadnan, not knowing if this were good or bad, said nothing at all, but waited. Dodd sighed, shook his head and closed his eyes. After a second he went on. "Small beings make it," Dara corrected him. "There are such small beings, not slaves and not masters. They have no speech but they make sound." "Now, what think you of this?" demanded the abbot, when he had finished. The chapel, during all the tumult, was unnoticed, probably less through respect for the place, than from neglect; and thither those who had most to fear from the people had hastened, expecting safety from the sacredness of the spot. Among the rest, or rather leading the way, went Sudbury, who was shortly afterwards joined by the constable and treasurer, on perceiving the commons in possession of the Tower.tjshen.com.cn
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